Tipping

Tipping is not obligatory but appreciated, especially in tourist areas. In restaurants, 5–10% is common if a service charge is not included. Small tips for hotel staff, drivers, and tour guides are also welcomed.

Sockets and voltage

Mongolia uses plug types C and E. The standard voltage is 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz. Visitors may need a plug adapter.

Drinking water

Tap water is generally not recommended for drinking. Bottled or boiled water is preferred, including for brushing teeth. Ice in drinks should be avoided unless it is confirmed to be made from purified water.

Safety

Mongolia is generally safe for travellers, but petty crime like pickpocketing can occur in busy areas of cities such as Ulaanbaatar. Rural areas are typically safe, but medical facilities can be limited, so travel insurance is advised.

Body language

Handshakes are common greetings in urban areas. Showing respect to elders is important. Avoid touching someone’s head or pointing feet at people, as it can be considered rude.

Business hours

Offices typically operate Monday to Friday, from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Shops and markets may have more flexible hours, especially on weekends.

Languages

The official language is Mongolian, which uses the Cyrillic script. Russian is sometimes understood, particularly among older generations. English is increasingly spoken in urban areas and tourist locations.

Cultural insights

• Traditional customs

  Respect for elders and family hierarchy is important.

• Dress

  Urban dress is modern; in rural areas, practical clothing is preferred due to weather and nomadic lifestyle.

• Hospitality

  Guests are often offered tea or food as a sign of respect.

• Nomadic culture

  Many Mongolians maintain nomadic traditions, and flexibility is important when travelling in rural areas.